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Motivating operation
Motivating operation (MO) is a concept in behaviorism used to explain the momentary effectiveness of consequences in operant conditioning. The term "motivating operation" was developed because MOs account for conditions that either increase or decrease the effectiveness of a consequence as a reinforcer or punisher.〔Laraway, S., Snycerski, S., Michael, J., & Poling. (2003). Motivating operations and terms to describe them: some further refinements. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 36. 407-414.〕 Motivating operations affect whether a person wants or does not want a stimulus at a given moment, which helps explain an organism's behavior at that point in time.
Motivating operations can increase or decrease the effectiveness of consequent stimuli. Motivating operations that increase the reinforcing or punishing qualities of a stimulus are termed establishing operations (EO), whereas motivating operations that decrease the reinforcing or punishing qualities of a stimulus are termed abolishing operations (AO). Establishing operations imply an increase in the effectiveness of a consequence as a reinforcer or punisher, whereas abolishing operations imply a decrease in the effectiveness of a given consequence.
==History==
It was introduced by Jack Michael in 1982. Different terminology was introduced to further describe the concept in 2003 by Laraway. Laraway suggested making a larger category known as motivating operations. Within this larger category, there are two main groups: establishing operations and abolishing operations. Establishing operations make the reinforcer of the behavior more potent and therefore also makes the behavior more likely. Abolishing operations make the reinforcer less potent which makes the behavior less likely.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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